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⚖️ POLICY & REGULATION

Ohio Votes On 21 Data Center Measures Tuesday, Including Sunbury's 25 MW Ban That Could Derail Amazon's $2 Billion Site, As 79 Percent Of Texans Want Limits: Ohio carries 21 of the data center proposals on Tuesday's ballots across more than a dozen jurisdictions, Reuters reported Thursday, Oct. 29, citing Ballotpedia, including a Sunbury ban on facilities drawing more than 25 MW that could derail Amazon's proposed $2 billion development; nationally, voters in 38 jurisdictions across 10 states decide at least 41 measures that would delay, prohibit or add conditions to data centers. A University of Houston Hobby School survey of 2,000 likely Texas voters, released Wednesday, found 79 percent support limiting how many data centers are built statewide, 76 percent expect a new local data center to raise their electricity bills, and 99 percent say data center companies should pay for the grid expansion they need. Amazon told Reuters its commitment to host communities stays the same "regardless of the outcome of any single measure." Link

The AFL-CIO Is Drafting Its Own "Gold-Standard" AI Bill For The Next Congress And Calls It The Federation's Highest Priority: President Liz Shuler told Semafor the federation is writing legislation on worker protections, privacy and data protections, and AI's economic effects, aimed at passage in the next Congress, Semafor reported Thursday, Oct. 29; no text, sponsor or timeline for introduction has been named. Shuler separated data center fights from AI-driven job displacement, which she predicted "will translate into our politics even more than it has," and said "Data centers will be built"; the question for labor is whether they come with union jobs. The current Congress returns Nov. 9, after Tuesday's midterms decide who writes the next one's AI agenda. Link

STATES

Business Groups Ask Colorado's Attorney General To Delay ADMT Enforcement A Year As Final Rules Under SB 26-189 Come Due By Jan. 1: At Monday's rulemaking hearing on the Automated Decision-Making Technology Act, SB 26-189, the Colorado Technology Association, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the Colorado Chamber and lenders including Affirm and the American Financial Services Association asked Attorney General Phil Weiser's office to delay enforcement a year or treat good-faith compliance as a safe harbor, The Sum and Substance reported Tuesday, Oct. 27. Their main target is the draft rules' presumption that a tool has "material influence" when its output matches the final human decision, which Affirm estimated could force about 11 human reviews a minute; the Colorado Hospital Association flagged conflicts with HIPAA. EPIC and Tech Equity pushed the other way, against loosening the "commercially reasonable" limit on human review. The Act takes effect Jan. 1, 2027, and the AG must adopt its disclosure and review rules by the same date. The Docket, below, has the coverage test and the duties. Link

Pine Island Settles The Project Skyway Suit, Sending Ryan Companies' Data Center Through A State Impact Review And 90 Days Of Public Comment: The Minnesota city's council approved a settlement Wednesday, Oct. 28, ending the litigation over the data center: state agencies will review its water, noise, light, energy and grid impacts and a mitigation plan, followed by 60 days of state and 30 days of city public comment with public meetings, and no construction can begin until the city approves the mitigation plan, KTTC reported. The city's earlier approvals stand. Ryan Companies says the campus will be air-cooled with no constant water use. Link

Four Local Decisions: Lake County, Fla., Extends Its Pause To June 2027, Sioux County Trades Its Moratorium For A 25 MW Cap, Washington County, Ore., Closes County Land To Data Centers, And DeSoto Deadlocks On 554 Acres: Lake County, Fla., commissioners voted Tuesday, Oct. 27, to extend the county's data center moratorium six months, through June 2027, WFTV reported. The same day Sioux County, Iowa, supervisors voted 4-1 to lift their moratorium and adopt rules that require independent water, power and noise studies by experts the county chooses, let it withhold a certificate of occupancy until thresholds are met and, per Supervisor Carl Vande Weerd, cap sites at 25 MW. Washington County, Ore., adopted 3-1 a resolution opposing large standalone data centers in unincorporated areas that bars voluntary county easements, rights-of-way, land sales and nondisclosure agreements for them, short of a moratorium. In DeSoto County, Fla., a 2-2 vote at a meeting that ran into Thursday morning killed a rezoning of about 554 acres near Arcadia for an AI data center that could grow past 1,000 acres, a day after the same split sank a separate request from the same developer. Link

🛡️ SAFETY & SECURITY

Google Releases Gemini 4 Carbon To Vetted Cyber Defenders First And Says It Went Through The Voluntary U.S. Pre-Release Testing Process: Google announced Gemini 4 Carbon on Wednesday, Oct. 28, as its next frontier model, built for coding, long tasks and cybersecurity, and is limiting first access to a subset of cyber defenders through its Fairwind Program, expanding gradually to other trusted partners with no date for developers, businesses or consumers. The company says it took part in the U.S. government's voluntary process for pre-release model testing, uses the same layered safeguards as Gemini 4 Argon, including chain-of-thought monitoring, and recorded 0.0 percent attack success on the Gray Swan indirect prompt-injection benchmark, a company-reported figure. Introductory pricing is $2 per million input tokens and $10 per million output, rising to $4 and $20. OpenAI released its GPT-6.1 Terra broadly on Monday while rating it Critical in cybersecurity; Google is holding Carbon back from general release while it refines guardrails. Link

Ohio And Iowa Voters Back Ten AI Safety Proposals At More Than 70 Percent Each In A Republican Pollster's Survey: Inquire, the firm run by Republican pollster Rob Schmidt, surveyed about 500 general election voters in Ohio and Iowa earlier this month and found each of ten proposals, among them stronger parental controls, bans on chatbots for minors and government safety testing, above 70 percent in both states, with voters preferring "reasonable" safety measures even at some cost to U.S. competitiveness, Semafor reported Thursday, Oct. 29. Respondents split on which party they trust more on AI, and Semafor frames the results as an opening for Republicans in both states' Senate races. A White House spokesperson said the president is committed to leading "in super intelligence while protecting American consumers." Link

💰 POWER & CAPITAL

Doña Ana County Votes To Notify Project Jupiter's Developers Of A Possible Breach Of Their Bond Agreement Over Oracle's Power Plan: Commissioners voted unanimously Tuesday, Oct. 27, after a closed session to notify the developers of a potential violation concerning "their proposed power generation plan," Chair Manny Sanchez said, the Santa Fe New Mexican reported. The industrial revenue bonds the county approved in 2025 carry a condition that the project not affect utility customers' rates; Oracle introduced at the Oct. 13 meeting a plan to offset El Paso Electric customers' costs while developers negotiate backup power with the utility, which Sanchez said would require amending the bonds. The county has not released the notice or said what could follow, and neither Oracle nor El Paso Electric responded. Link

Effingham Plaintiffs Ask A Georgia Judge To Void OpenAI's Project Camellia Land Deal Without A Trial: One Hundred Miles and five residents moved for summary judgment Tuesday, Oct. 27, in Effingham County Superior Court, asking Judge Michael Muldrew to invalidate the industrial development authority's agreements with OpenAI affiliate Octans GA LLC for the roughly 1,440-acre campus, which carries nearly $900 million in tax abatements, the Effingham Herald reported. They allege the authority broke the Open Meetings Act with inadequate notice of a rescheduled July 21 meeting, a code-named agenda item ("Project Gateway") and a closed session without a valid basis, and the Open Records Act by leaving the land-sale agreements with a private representative who declined to release them. The defendants have until Nov. 12 to answer the original complaint. Link

📜 DISPATCH PRO

The working layer under this briefing is The Docket, in Dispatch Pro

What moved in all 50 states since the last issue, which AI bills actually matter this week, and exactly what they would make you do, by when: obligations, deadlines and penalties pulled from the bill text and verified, similar bills in other states, every hearing and effective date we have reported, plus a Docket Room Pro seat ($49/mo on its own).

Today for Pro readers: no AI bill moved overnight, and we say so; this week's three; The Bill on CO SB 26-189, Colorado's ADMT Act, with 6 obligations, deadlines and penalties pulled from the enacted text and a correction on its start date; today's New Jersey Assembly vote on A 3966 and 39 dated actions in the next 30 days.

$29/mo or $290/yr after the trial, less than the Docket Room seat alone. Cancel anytime. Team licenses on request.

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